A homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence-based high-throughput screening for discovery of inhibitors of Nef-sdAb19 interaction.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protein negative factor (Nef) is important for AIDS pathogenesis. An anti-Nef single-domain antibody (sdAb19) derived from camelids has been previously generated and shown to effectively block the physiological functions of Nef in vitro and in vivo in nef-transgenic mice. However, sdAb19 must be ectopically expressed within the target cell to be able to exert its neutralizing effect on Nef, while the extra-cellular administration method turned out to be ineffective. This might suggest a default of the stability or/and deliverability of sdAb19. The identification of small molecule compounds capable of inhibiting the Nef-sdAb19 interaction and mimicking the neutralizing activity of sdAb19 in vivo would therefore be the means of circumventing the problem encountered with sdAb19. Here we describe the development of a high-throughput screening method combining the homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) and the microscale thermophoresis (MST) techniques for the identification of small-molecule compounds inhibiting the Nef-sdAb19 interaction by binding to Nef protein. Eight small-molecule compounds have been selected for their ability to significantly inhibit the Nef-sdAb19 interaction and to bind to Nef. These molecules could be further assessed for their potential of being the Nef-neutralizing agents in the future.